Hormonal Contraceptives: Pros, Cons, and How to Choose the Right One

Hormonal contraception is one of the most reliable methods of family planning. However, it is important to understand its characteristics.

Types of Hormonal Contraceptives

Oral Contraceptives (Combined Pills – COCs): contain estrogen and progestin. Suppress ovulation and thicken cervical mucus. Pearl Index: 0.1–0.9.

Mini-pills: contain only progestin. Primarily affect cervical mucus. Pearl Index: 0.5–3.

Hormonal Injections: intramuscular injections every 3 months. Pearl Index: 0.3–1.4.

Implants (e.g., Norplant): inserted under the skin, effective up to 5 years. Pearl Index: 0.5–1.5.

Vaginal Rings: flexible ring inserted into the vagina for 3 weeks. Pearl Index: 0.4–0.65.

Hormonal Patches: applied to the skin and changed weekly. Pearl Index: 0.4–0.9.

Hormonal IUDs: effective for up to 5 years. Pearl Index: 0.1–0.5.

✅ Advantages

• High effectiveness when used correctly
• Regulation of the menstrual cycle
• Reduced risk of certain gynecological conditions

⚠️ Disadvantages

• Do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
• May cause side effects such as headaches, nausea, and mood changes
• Require consistent daily intake at the same time
• May be contraindicated in some health conditions

🧪 Recommended tests before starting hormonal contraception

• Complete blood count and biochemical blood tests
• Coagulation panel
• Pelvic ultrasound
• Gynecologist consultation

Note: Long-term use of hormonal contraceptives may increase the risk of thrombosis.