HPV: what it is and the difference between “high-risk” and “low-risk” types
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Most people will encounter it at some point in their lives. It is important to understand that not all HPV types are equally dangerous.
Some cause temporary changes to the skin and mucous membranes, while others are associated with a higher risk of precancerous conditions.
"Low-risk” and “high-risk” HPV types: what’s the difference
Classification into low-risk and high-risk types helps the doctor determine the appropriate monitoring and prevention strategy.
Low-risk HPV types
These are often referred to as “low-risk” because they:
- more commonly cause benign lesions such as papillomas and genital warts;
- rarely lead to serious complications;
- can often be treated locally;
- may resolve spontaneously in some cases.
High-risk HPV types
These are considered “high-risk” due to their association with oncological changes. They may be linked to:
- precancerous lesions;
- cervical cancer;
- vaginal cancer;
- anal cancer;
- penile cancer.
These types should be detected in a timely manner through testing and regular screening.
How to determine your HPV type: tests and examinations
1. HPV testing
- PCR testing identifies the specific HPV type and its oncogenic potential.
- If necessary, cytology or biopsy may be recommended to assess cellular changes.
2. Symptoms that may indicate infection
- Appearance of warts on the skin or mucous membranes;
- Abnormal smear results in women.
HPV is often asymptomatic, which is why regular screening is essential.
Why it is important to know your HPV type
High-risk types may remain asymptomatic for a long time while gradually causing cellular changes.
Low-risk types are less likely to lead to serious consequences but remain transmissible.
Identifying the HPV type helps the doctor to:
- determine appropriate follow-up frequency;
- assess the need for additional diagnostics;
- develop a personalised prevention plan.
HPV prevention and risk reduction
- HPV vaccination protects against the most dangerous virus types and reduces the risk of precancerous changes.
- Regular screening (Pap test and HPV testing) helps detect abnormalities at an early stage.
- Maintaining a healthy lifestyle — the immune system plays a key role in controlling viral load.
- Barrier contraception reduces the risk of transmission.
Dobro Clinic offers a personalised approach: we perform on-site PCR screening, explain results in your native language, and create an individual prevention and monitoring plan based on your age, gender, and health status.
HPV is not a diagnosis to fear. The key is to identify the virus type and establish the right monitoring and prevention strategy. Early diagnostics, vaccination, and regular check-ups help protect your health in the long term.
